It should of course be pointed out that replacing the thermistor with a suitable fixed value resistor is just a way to "fool" the EVSE into thinking the plug is not overheating when it might actually be. In other words this safety feature is being defeated by doing so. If this plug later catches fire or melts then you might well regret this.
To be honest cutting the plug off was a mistake and you're in a bit of a mess now.
It's not easy to repair this in a properly satisfatory way, certainly not with a regular screw terminal plug as even if you used an appropriate thermistor to maintain temperature sensing there isn't an easy way in such a hollow plug to provide thermal bonding between a thermistor and the parts that get hot (mainly the fuse holder and phase pin) while at the same time maintaining adequate insulation between the high voltage and the sensor.
In a moulded plug like the original there are no hollow voids apart from the fuse holder space, with any other spare space filled in with plastic which acts as both electrical insulation and a (partial) thermal conductor between the heat source and the thermistor allowing it to sense when the plug is heating up.
If you use a screw terminal plug you're going to have to bodge it with a resistor and lose temperature sensing, and its probably infeasible to rejoin the cable depending on where you cut it. (Unless you cut it close to the EVSE end and have enough length to reterminate it inside, but I'm guessing you probably cut it close to the plug)
The only 100% professional repair would be to try to get hold of a faulty EVSE of the same model and steal the cable from it, reterminating it inside, getting you back to where you started.
And then change your socket to one with a bigger cover so that the original plug size fits...